Soosaarka Astaxanthin ee Khamiirka:
Horumarka Bayolojiyada iyo Aragtiyada Warshadaha
Astaxanthin waa keto si dabiici ah u dhacda -carotenoid si balaadhan loogu aqoonsaday awooda antioxidant ee gaarka ah iyo codsiyada balaadhanaquaculture, kaabis cunto, dawooyinka, iyo waxyaalaha la isku qurxiyo. Sida baahida suuqa eeastaxanthin dabiiciga ahway sii socotaa in ay koraan, microbial biosynthesis{0}gaar ahaan isticmaalka khamiirka{1} ayaa u soo baxay mid ka mid ah wadooyinka wax soo saarka warshadaha ee ugu rajada leh.
Maqaalkani waxa uu bixiyaa anwarshadaha{0}} dulmar ku jihaysanee khamiirka{0}ku salaysan wax soo saarka astaxanthin, diiradda saarayaDariiqyada biosynthetic, xeeladaha injineernimada, iyo hagaajinta halsano, oo ku salaysan horumarka cilmiyeed ee dhowaan.
1. Waa maxay sababta Astaxanthin ay muhiim ugu tahay suuqa caalamiga ah
Astaxanthin waxaa lagu qiimeeyaa firfircoonideeda adag ee antioxidant, ka hortagga{0}awoodda bararka, iyo doorkeeda taageerada difaaca, caafimaadka indhaha, iyo ilaalinta maqaarka. Marka la barbar dhigo astaxanthin kiimikaad ah,si dabiici ah loo soo saaray astaxanthinwaxay bixisaa faa'iidooyin dhowr ah:
Dhaqdhaqaaq bayooloji oo sarreeya sababtoo ah qaabeynta stereochemical ee la qeexay
Maqnaanshaha hadhaaga isku-dhafka kiimikada
bioavailability ka sii wanaagsan, oo inta badan ku jira qaabab la soo koobay
Natiijo ahaan, astaxanthin dabiiciga ah ayaa noqdaydoorashada la doorbido cuntada, kabka, iyo codsiyada qurxinta, gaar ahaan kuwa qaaliga ah iyo kuwa sharciyeynta ah -suuqyada xasaasiga ah.
2. Waa maxay sababta khamiirku u yahay madal wax soo saar ku habboon
Ka mid ah ilo dabiici ah oo kala duwan, khamiirku wuxuu u taagan yahay sidii warshad microbial adag oo la cabbiri karo oo loogu talagalay soosaarka astaxanthin sababtoo ah:
Koritaan degdeg ah iyo wareegyo halsano gaaban
Isticmaalka substrate-ka ballaaran
Si wanaagsan{0}}qalabka injineernimada hidaha ee la aasaasay
Hababka halsano ee warshadaha la xaqiijiyay
Noocyada khamiirka caadiga ah ee la bartay oo lagu dabaqay biosynthesis astaxanthin waxaa ka mid ah:
Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous(Phaffia rhodozyma)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Yarrowia lipolytica
Kluyveromyces marxianus
Nafleydani waxay u adeegaan midkoodsoo saarayaasha dabiiciga ahama sidamartigeliyaha injineernimadaWadooyinka astaxanthin heterologous.
3. Dulmarka Astaxanthin Biosynthesis ee Khamiirka
Astaxanthin biosynthesis ee khamiirka guud ahaan wuu socdaalaba marxaladood:
3.1 Samaynta -Carotene
Nidaamku wuxuu ku bilaabmayaa dheef-shiid kiimikaad dhexe, halkaasoo sonkorta sida gulukooska loo beddelo horudhac isoprenoid iyadoo la marayomevalonate (MVA) wadada, kaas oo u dhashay khamiirka. Dhexdhexaadiyeyaasha muhiimka ah sida IPP iyo DMAPP waa la isku ururiyey oo loo beddelaa:
Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP)
Phytoene
Lycopene
{{0}Carotene
Marxaladan ayaa go'aamisaawoodda qulqulka kaarboondhanka wax soo saarka astaxanthin.
3.2 U Beddelka -Carotene una beddelo Astaxanthin
{{0}Carotene waxa loo rogaa astaxanthin iyada oo loo marayo laba falcelin oo xidhiidhsan:
Hydroxylation
Ketolation
GudahaX. dendrorhous, beddelka this waxaa kiciyay nidaamka cytochrome P450-ku salaysan astaxanthin synthase.
Noocyada khamiirka ee la farsameeyay, hiddo-wadaha codeeya -carotene hydroxylase iyo ketolase (caadi ahaancrtZiyocrtW/BKT) waxaa laga soo qaadaa bakteeriyo ama ilo algal ah.
Inta lagu jiro habkan, carotenoids dhexdhexaad ah sida canthaxanthin ama echinenone ayaa sidoo kale la samayn karaa.
4. Xeeladaha lagu kordhinayo Wax-soosaarka Astaxanthin
4.1 Horumarinta Cadaadiska
Noocyada khamiirka dabiiciga ah waxay caadi ahaan soo saaraan astaxanthin heerar hoose. Si loo horumariyo wax soo saarka, dhowr xeelad ayaa si ballaaran loo adeegsadaa:
Taranta Mutagenesis(tusaale, UV, gamma irradiation, ARTP)
Kobcinta shaybaarka la qabsiga
Injineernimada dheef-shiid kiimikaadka, oo ay ku jiraan:
Si xad dhaaf ah u muujinta qiimaha furaha{0} xaddidaya enzymes
Yaraynta waddooyinka tartanka (tusaale, sterol biosynthesis)
Tafatirka saxda ah ee genome iyadoo la adeegsanayo nidaamyada CRISPR/Cas
Hababkan, noocyada khamiirka la farsameeyay ayaa lagu guuleystayboqollaal mg/LWax soo saarka astaxanthin ee xaaladaha la hagaajiyay.
5. Hagaajinta habka halsano
Marka laga soo tago injineernimada cadaadiska, cabirrada halsano ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaara warshadaha -waxqabadka cabirka
Qodobbada muhiimka ah ee saamaynta ku leh waxaa ka mid ah:
Ilaha kaarboon: glucose, lignocellulosic hydrolysates, ama saliidaha dhirta
Ilaha Nitrogen: khamiirka laga soosaaray iyo pepton ayaa inta badan la door bidaa
Saamiga C/N: Saamiyada sare waxay inta badan door bidaan ururinta carotenoid
xakamaynta pHXaaladaha acidic yar (qiyaastii pH 4.5-5.0) ayaa guud ahaan ugu fican
Ogsajiinta kala diri (DO)Ogsajiinta ku filan waxay taageertaa koritaanka unugyada iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa enzymatic labadaba
Isku-dhafka saxda ah ee xuduudahan ayaa si weyn u wanaajin kara dhalidda astaxanthin ee ugu dambeysa iyo habka xasilloonida.
6. Muuqaalka Warshadaha
Khamiirka - wax soo saarka astaxanthin ku salaysan wuxuu u taagan yahay ala qiyaasi karo, waara, oo la xakameyn karobeddelka soo saarista dhaqameed ee algae ama kiimikaad. Horumarinta joogtada ah ee injineernimada dheef-shiid kiimikaadka iyo farsamada halsano, microbial astaxanthin ayaa la filayaa inay ka ciyaarto door muhiim ah oo sii kordheysa:
Qaababka cuntada iyo nafaqada
Aquafeed midabaynta
Waxyaalaha la isku qurxiyo ee shaqaynaya iyo alaabta daryeelka maqaarka
Loogu talagalay alaab-qeybiyeyaasha iyo iibsadayaasha doonayatayada xasilloon, u hoggaansanaanta sharciga, iyo muddada dheer{0} hufnaanta kharashka, khamiirka{0}} astaxanthin dabeeci ah oo laga helay waxa uu bixiyaa awood ganacsi oo xoogan.
Fikirka ugu dambeeya
Horumarka cilmiga bayotechnoolajiyada khamiirka ayaa si degdeg ah u beddelaya astaxanthin oo ka beddelaya meel sare oo qiimo leh-walaxda dabiiciga ah ee warshadaysan. Hal-abuurnimada joogtada ah ee horumarinta cidhiidhiga ah iyo hagaajinta geeddi-socodku waxay sii yareyn doontaa kharashka wax soo saarka waxayna ballaarin doontaa muuqaalkeeda codsiga caalamiga ah.
